“Tajweed” is a very common term in the context of Quran recitation. In terms of Quran reading & recitation, Tajweed is actually a set of linguistic and pronunciation rules used in reciting the Quran to recite it in the right way as same as the prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was reciting.
Pronunciation Keys
The additional signs we see these days in Arabic on top or bottom of the Alphabets are the pronunciation keys. Muslims were the first to come up with the concept of pronunciation keys, it helped Non-Arabs to pronounce the words properly following some simple pronunciation rules. Initially when the Holy Quran was compiled in a shape of a book we did not had these additional signs that we see these days, in fact even the dots we see on the alphabets “baa”, “taa”, “thaa” and other alphabets were not present and Arabs would pronounce the words without any difficulty but as more and more Non-Arabs embraced Islam, the need was felt to retain the pronunciation of the words. This is when the additional signs and dots were added to it to help out Non-Arabs pronounce the words while retaining the correct Pronunciation.